Over 10 million people suffer from TMJ disorders in the United States alone. TMJ can cause discomfort, lousy sleep, and lack of jaw function. This disorder presents itself in dozens of ways and has a few viable solutions. At Smile Design, we want to put the power of the perfect smile in your hands. 

TMJ Disorders

TMJ disorders relate to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the jaw and the surrounding nerves and muscles. The temporomandibular joint connects the jaw to the skull and aids in eating, talking, and yawning. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) can disrupt these activities.

Symptoms

People with TMD can experience a wide range of symptoms, which can vary in severity and may affect one or both sides of the face. Common symptoms of TMD include:

• Pain or tenderness: Persistent pain or tenderness in the jaw joint may worsen with jaw movement. Pain and tenderness can extend to the face, neck, or shoulders.
• Difficulty chewing: Discomfort or pain while chewing, leading to limited jaw movement or locking of the jaw.
• Limited movement or locking of the jaw can make it difficult to open or close the mouth.
• Clicking or popping sounds: Audible clicking, popping, or grating when opening or closing the mouth.
• Muscle stiffness: Stiffness or muscle spasms in the jaw muscles, neck, or face.
• Ear-related symptoms: Earaches, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), or a sensation of plugged ears with no underlying problems.
• Headaches: Recurring headaches, including migraines, often concentrated around the temples.
• Facial discomfort: Facial pain or discomfort, particularly in the cheeks or along the jawline.
• Swelling on the side of the face.
• Dizziness and vision problems in some cases.
• Facial muscle fatigue, or feeling tired in the face and jaw.

Causes

Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) can be caused by a single problem or a combination of problems, including:

• Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Chronic clenching or teeth grinding, especially during sleep, can strain the TMJ and surrounding muscles.
• Jaw Injury: Physical trauma to the jaw or TMJ can lead to TMD. This includes blows to the face or accidents that damage the bones, muscles, or ligaments in the jaw area.
• Teeth Grinding or Clenching (Bruxism): Habitual grinding or clenching of the teeth, especially during sleep, can put excessive pressure on the TMJ, leading to discomfort and dysfunction.
• Arthritis: Various forms of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, can affect the TMJ, causing degeneration or inflammation of the joint.
• Stress: Emotional or psychological stress can lead to behaviors such as teeth clenching or jaw tightening, which can exacerbate TMD symptoms.
• Misalignment of Teeth or Jaw: Abnormalities in the alignment of teeth or the jaw can contribute to improper joint function and muscle strain, leading to TMD.
• Poor Posture: Chronic neck and shoulder tension from poor posture can affect the muscles around the jaw and neck, indirectly affecting TMJ function.
• Disc Displacement: The TMJ includes a soft disc between the ball and the joint’s socket, allowing smooth movement. This disc can become displaced, leading to clicking, popping, or locking the jaw.
• Connective Tissue Diseases: Diseases that affect the body’s connective tissues can impact the TMJ and its functionality.
• Habitual Gum Chewing or Nail Biting: These repetitive habits can strain the jaw muscles and joints, leading to TMD.
• Genetics: Some people may be genetically predisposed to developing TMD, suggesting that genetic factors can affect the condition’s onset.

How Does TMD Impact Your Life?

TMJ disorders can impact an individual’s quality of life, leading to discomfort and functional limitations where the jaw locks or does not have a consistent range of motion.  These disorders often have a negative psychological impact due to chronic pain and functional limitations. People suffering from TMJ disorders can develop anxiety or depression from social situations and the pain created.

TMD can impact an individual’s quality of life in many ways. Symptoms such as sleep deprivation, discomfort, and limited jaw function can escalate to more severe issues, including persistent, chronic pain, anxiety, depression, and deterioration of connective tissue.

At Smile Design, Bruxism is one of the most common symptoms in clients with temporomandibular joint issues. To treat Bruxism (aka severe teeth grinding), we recommend:

• Physical therapy to relieve muscle tension
• Mouthguards (Night Guards) or splints to protect teeth when you’re asleep,
• Anxiety medication and other stress-reducing techniques, 
• Lifestyle changes to reduce the pains and pressures of a TMJ disorder.

A holistic approach to treating bruxism and TMJ issues can help people manage their symptoms and maintain better oral health.

Types of Night Guards

Night guards, also known as dental guards or mouth guards, are protective devices worn in the mouth to prevent or reduce the damaging effects of teeth grinding (bruxism) and to alleviate the symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD). Many types of night guards are available on the market, varying in material, construction, fit, and purpose. At Smile Design, we can help you decide which Night Guard best supports your needs and resolves the severity of your symptoms.

Soft Night Guards

Made from soft and flexible materials, they provide a barrier between the teeth, which negates the grinding effects of bruxism. Since they are softer than other types, they may wear out faster and may not be suitable for severe bruxism.

Dual Laminate Night Guards:

They are made of a soft inner layer and a tough outer layer.  They combine the benefits of soft and hard night guards, making them suitable for individuals with moderate to severe bruxism. 

Hard Night Guards

Made from rigid acrylic or similar materials, they offer maximum protection. They are resistant to wear, making them suitable for severe bruxism. Some individuals may find them less comfortable initially, but they adapt to the fit.

What are the Benefits of the Different Types of Night Guards?

Soft Night Guards:

• Material & Construction: Made from a soft, flexible material that cushions the teeth.
• Best For: Mild bruxism and users who find harder materials uncomfortable.
• Considerations: While they may be more comfortable for some, they may offer less protection against severe grinding and wear out more quickly.

Hard Night Guards:

• Material & Construction: These are crafted from rigid acrylic, which offers a firm barrier between the upper and lower teeth.
• Best For: Severe cases of bruxism and TMD, as they provide significant protection and can be adjusted for a precise fit.
• Considerations: They are more durable but can be less comfortable than softer alternatives. They require a precise fit to avoid discomfort or bite issues.

Dual Laminate Night Guards:

• Material & Construction: Feature a hard outer layer for durability and a soft inner layer for comfort, combining the advantages of both soft and hard materials.
• Best For: Moderate to severe bruxism, balancing protection and comfort.

Considerations: They can accommodate more severe grinding without sacrificing as much comfort, but they might be bulkier than single-material options.